tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post967440831068231244..comments2024-03-28T16:22:14.888-07:00Comments on Steve Sailer: iSteve: My review of James R. Flynn's What Is Intelligence? Beyond the Flynn EffectUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger50125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-74706400660416804322014-09-12T00:52:44.232-07:002014-09-12T00:52:44.232-07:00They may have known their math and science, impres...They may have known their math and science, impressive considering they had very little background information to go on, but they don't seem to have had much common sense compared to even the average Joe alive today. SEO Melbournehttp://www.papdan.com/seo-services-search-engine-optimisation.phpnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-92099684605449197132014-05-25T18:42:25.175-07:002014-05-25T18:42:25.175-07:00Of course, genes explain everything. North and Sou...Of course, genes explain everything. North and South Korea, having the identical genes, have produced identical societies in terms of wealth and freedom. Germans have always had the political system, whether 1933-1945 or 1945-present. White people have always been superior in intelligence, esp. over those primitive Middle Easterners. I mean, 5000 years ago, what the hell were the Egyptians and Iraqis (uh, Babylonians) doing and what were the white folks doing in the forests of northern Europe? I rest my case. Genetics explain everything!Raynoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-267210938415336612014-04-25T01:06:23.085-07:002014-04-25T01:06:23.085-07:00They may have known their math and science, impres...They may have known their math and science, impressive considering they had very little background information to go on, but they don't seem to have had much common sense compared to even the average Joe alive today. Jasa SEOhttp://digiadvertise.wordpress.com/2014/04/07/jasa-seo-di-jakarta/noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-29024181341876014892011-10-01T22:35:33.655-07:002011-10-01T22:35:33.655-07:00My take on the book was that Flynn, while validati...My take on the book was that Flynn, while validating the practicallity of IQ (ie its usefullness in predicting academic and job sucess), denies it is any measure of inate intelligence. He openly calls it culturally biased and states that the rises in IQ are result of mentally stimulating lifestyle, which undermines any idea that IQ is immutable. <br /><br />I used to be much more hereditarian, but with all of the studies lately showing the effects on schooling, mental stimulation and parenting on IQ, I'm starting the question whether IQ tells us anything anymore.billynoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-74369782595281864802011-03-25T02:41:06.753-07:002011-03-25T02:41:06.753-07:00Nice article, thanks for the information.Nice article, thanks for the information.sewa mobilhttp://griyamobilkita.webs.comnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-2073601565163692912008-11-01T00:22:00.000-07:002008-11-01T00:22:00.000-07:00Sorry Steve, but judging by your blatherings, it s...Sorry Steve, but judging by your blatherings, it seems that racism is on the rise, and the national EQ of overprivileged racist morons like yourself is at an all time low. How else to explain all the Islamaphobia <I>and</I> Arabaphobia we're all seeing from right-wing, warmongering racist chickenhawk Keyboard Kommandos like you?Lionel Braithwaitehttps://www.blogger.com/profile/03024473793409118944noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-63540859406792035392007-09-12T06:15:00.000-07:002007-09-12T06:15:00.000-07:00Karen,You are correct that nutrition is a likely c...Karen,<BR/><BR/>You are correct that nutrition is a likely contributor to the Flynn Effect. It meets the following requirements: it is consistent with the gains occurring primarily in the lower half of the IQ distribution; it has the opportunity to operate before the Flynn Effect is observed at age 4; the leveling off and reversal of the Flynn Effect that has been reported for several years is reasonable; and it could relate to improvements in nutrition during the time the effect was observed.<BR/><BR/>It is likely that the Flynn Effect is not caused by a single factor and that the end product is the sum of several contributors, one of which may be the decrease in family size over the past decades. This means that a larger portion of the population are first-born (higher IQ) and a smaller fraction are later-born.<BR/><BR/>I also agree that medical considerations are a possible contributor, because they act in a way that is parallel to nutrition. About 18% of the adult variance in intelligence is accounted for by environmental factors, all of which are directly related to chemical and biological factors and all impact IQ negatively.<BR/><BR/>Learning does not boost IQ. The differences in IQ that are seen in adults are present at age 2-1/2. A recent paper from Joe Fagan shows that IQ measurements at age 3 are as predictive of academic accomplishment, at age 21, as are IQ measurements at age 18. He also demonstrated that IQ is reasonably stable over this age span.<BR/><BR/>[The prediction, from infancy, of adult IQ and achievement, Pages 225-231, Joseph F. Fagan, Cynthia R. Holland and Karyn Wheeler]<BR/><BR/>Intelligence is not defined in science, but psychometric g is defined and is the factor that accounts for virtually all of the validity of IQ tests. There is no known way to boost g by social, chemical, or biological means, other than to prevent its degradation by poor nutrition.<BR/><BR/>Your assertion that verbal and spatial skills are acquired is mostly wrong. The underlying g loading of measurements based on these skills does not change from learning, but non-g loading can and does increase with learning, but that inherently caused the g-loading of verbal and spatial subtests to decrease. Learning is a real boost to human ability, but it does not increase intelligence. Intelligence in adults is more than 80% heritable, with the remaining variance due to nutrition, disease, etc.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-16581100228188448532007-09-11T18:45:00.000-07:002007-09-11T18:45:00.000-07:00Why wouldn't the Flynn effect be caused by improvm...Why wouldn't the Flynn effect be caused by improvments in childhood nutrition since the late 19th century? Anyone who's ever been around kids can tell you that reliable food and decent sleep make a nearly-immeasurable difference in how they learn. Starting in the late 19th C in this country, and after WWII in Europe, improvements in agriculture eliminated famines, which meant that only a vanishingly small number of children went hungry. Malnourished kids simply can't afford the metabolically-expensive brain activities of learning. Also, antibiotics and vaccinations eliminated many debilitating childhood illnesses and rendered others harmless. Even when a kid didn't die, the effects of an untreated infection could impair hearing or eyesight to the point that schooling was nearly impossible. (Read William McNeil's <I>Plagues and Peoples</I> for an interesting discussion of the effects of illnesses on populations.) Finally, the elimination in the industrial countries of child labor meant that kids have time to learn more and more interesting things. Backbreaking labor in a mine or factory beginning at age 10 or so surely had a dampening effect on test scores. <BR/><BR/>On an unrelated point, I think one reason IQ studies draw so much fire is because there really isn't a good definition of what intelligence is. Most definitions that I've read mention verbal or spatial skills, but those are as likely to be acquired as innate. I, therefore, propose the following one: intelligence is the ability to recognize patterns and distinguish ones mean something from ones that don't. For example, the ability to notice that certain fruit is disgusting when it's green but delicious when it's red, and that it turns red shortly after the longest days in the year.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-79761607877249056622007-09-11T10:35:00.000-07:002007-09-11T10:35:00.000-07:00Flynn makes an excellent point - that you have to ...Flynn makes an excellent point - that you have to be careful about what you are measuring and who correlations change over time.<BR/><BR/>For example, suppose I am measuring abstract thinking ability. Now suppose that an emotionally stable child in 2007 will be exposed to lots of stimuli which give him practice in abstract thinking.<BR/><BR/>Then it is plausible that low abstract thinking ability will be correlated with emotional instability. <BR/><BR/>Observing this causally you conclude, low IQ people are emotionally unstable.<BR/><BR/>Yet, this is a recent phenomenon. In the past it might have been likely that plenty of low IQ people were stable. <BR/><BR/>I think there is probably a similar correlation between IQ and rate of time preference. Rate of time preference is related to what most people might call laziness.Karl Smithhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/05863281026797375080noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-8802846717221018032007-09-10T06:44:00.000-07:002007-09-10T06:44:00.000-07:00People get very defensive about IQ, with the usual...People get very defensive about IQ, with the usual arguments: it's just a test, tests how you take tests, more to life than paper intelligence, wisdom more important than intelligence (as if the two were mutually exclusive or "wisdom" is really animal instinct and not informed by deliberate mental process at all.<BR/> The debate is ultimately futile. Of course great achievement requires other factors than high IQ, but high IQ is an essential component. IQ does not guarantee achievement but high achievement that requires brain-work is predicated upon it. People speak of "music IQ" or "art IQ" yet highly accomplished musicians and artists do have IQs above the average in instances where they are on record. Why would they not? Producing art that embodies technique with insight would require a piercing and comprehensive intellect, even if an unorthodox one.<BR/> At any rate, it has already been shown over and over that IQ is greatest SINGLE indicator of how you do in life. This is a GENERALIZATION. In discussions of race, gender and IQ, peoples' defensiveness prevents them from using their brains. Because if you just use your brain, even an average IQ person can easily understand the concept of averages.<BR/> And it is averages that create the tenor of society and culture, although it is the above-averages that drive the changes, especially those of a progressive nature.<BR/> But fear and loathing is such that we shut our brains down, put our hands over our ears, and say, NONONO, it can't be true because we're all the equal! There is no differences among races or genders. In fact, there are no races! (Please tell that to the AA promoters). "They" tell us so! These days, "they" are mainly journalists and social studies sorts, not scientists, who are quitely admitting that genetics is the main determinant of mentality. Environment forms it, but environment can only work with the material it has.<BR/> Truth is rarely simple and easy to accept, and nature and genetics are not "fair" or "just." They just are.<BR/> A good web-site outlining the practical details of how IQ affects daily life for people in general, is Linda Gottfredson's. Most of her research is accessible with a click of the mouse.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-79704620160492127602007-09-09T17:47:00.000-07:002007-09-09T17:47:00.000-07:00So Steve, is it Flynn or Idiocracy?So Steve, is it Flynn or Idiocracy?Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-74238900546274943012007-09-09T09:37:00.000-07:002007-09-09T09:37:00.000-07:00If you look at the history of human civilization, ...If you look at the history of human civilization, as time passes, more high IQ/northern civilizations gain power. Ethiopia, as the first area where humans emerged, would naturally have some point at which it had a decent civilization. <BR/><BR/>The thing is, is that MODERN society requires decent average IQ in order to be successful. In the ancient world, most people farmed so it didn't matter. <BR/><BR/>Just look at R. Lynn's analysis. And also, Ethiopia beat Italy's army, which was the worst in Europe.TabooTruthhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/09020654652967272753noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-17188275435413795222007-09-09T06:31:00.000-07:002007-09-09T06:31:00.000-07:00If a feedback loop for smart people explains a lot...If a feedback loop for smart people explains a lot of the Flynn effect, then it seems like we should be able to find natural experiments to test this. For example, let's assume that exposure to TV is an important driver. Then we ought to be able to see the effects of different times that TV stations moved in and started broadcasting. Similarly, if the issue is access to computers, the net, cable or satellite TV, even good libraries. It ought to be possible to compare towns or counties a few years before and after these things became available there. This effect should also be clear for countries, with stuff like when public access internet became available. <BR/><BR/>I don't have any intuition for whether g is affected by this sort of feedback process, but knowledge and nature of thought processes certainly is, especially with libraries and the net. You can go from a mild interest in some field to being at least a very well-informed amateur in about a year, just by finding experts on the net and reading Wikipedia and researchers' websites and recommended books and papers.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-56987622114709219052007-09-09T04:24:00.000-07:002007-09-09T04:24:00.000-07:00How do you reconcile the low IQ numbers recorded i...<I>How do you reconcile the low IQ numbers recorded in Ethiopia with the region's pretty impressive record of achievment: monumental architecture and early state formation, independent development of agriculture, literate and theologically sophisticated priesthood, and fairly capable military defense against European colonization (despite sitting on some of the most desirable real estate in sub-Saharan Africa)? In short, Ethiopia has arguably the most impressive history in sub-Saharan Africa. Why would the country's current residents be dumber than their neighbors? It just doesn't track.</I><BR/><BR/>Ethiopia has long had contact with Egyptian and even Greek civilization and nobody is denying that there are <I>some</I> smart Ethiopians. Also, Ethiopia's achievements are all in the distant past. The country certainly hasn't kept pace or caught up the way countries like Japan have. Ancient tyrannical governments, like those of the pharaohs of old, were necessarily administered by the brightest of otherwise dull populations. If the intelligence of the average ancient Egyptian or Ethiopian is anything like it is today, then Athenian-style democracy was probably not an option in those lands. Finally, Ethiopia's IQ is probably depressed somewhat by malnutrition.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-84892699250278616912007-09-08T19:15:00.000-07:002007-09-08T19:15:00.000-07:00OK, riddle me this: How do you reconcile the low ...OK, riddle me this: <BR/><BR/>How do you reconcile the low IQ numbers recorded in Ethiopia with the region's pretty impressive record of achievment: monumental architecture and early state formation, independent development of agriculture, literate and theologically sophisticated priesthood, and fairly capable military defense against European colonization (despite sitting on some of the most desirable real estate in sub-Saharan Africa)? In short, Ethiopia has arguably the most impressive history in sub-Saharan Africa. Why would the country's current residents be dumber than their neighbors? It just doesn't track.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-78329932297439113562007-09-08T07:53:00.000-07:002007-09-08T07:53:00.000-07:00Your review does not resemble Richard Lynn's revie...Your review does not resemble Richard Lynn's review of the same book:<BR/>J.R. Flynn, What is intelligence? Beyond the Flynn Effect, Cambridge University Press (2007).<BR/>Intelligence, September-October 2007, Pages 515-516<BR/>Richard Lynn<BR/><BR/>Your review suggests (incorrectly) that intelligence is influenced by education, home environment, and related social interactions. The meat of intelligence is g and so far, there is no evidence that there is any influence by the shared environment after age 12 or so. There is a shared environmental variance in young children, but it vanishes as they reach puberty. IQ tests measure g and gets virtually all of its external validity from its g loading. The other two loadings are on specificity and error, neither of which are useful in predicting such things as academic and career success.<BR/><BR/>Among the things you failed to mention:<BR/>The Flynn effect can be seen in children by age 4; this eliminates many hypothetical causes.<BR/>The Flynn effect is more pronounced on the left (low IQ) side of the bell curve.<BR/>The Flynn effect has reversed in some countries and leveled off to zero gain in others.<BR/>When generations of children, separated by 20 years, from the same school were tested by the same researchers, they found the expected Flynn effect gains, but no inspection time gains. This strongly suggests that the gains are not g loaded.<BR/>When specifically analyzed for g loading, the gains in some countries have shown none. That means that the Flynn effect is not a Jensen Effect (per Rushton's terminology).<BR/><BR/>From Lynn's review: "It has even been shown that theWechsler subtests that are most impaired by sub-optimal nutrition observations and I recommend it in the confident and improve most with nutritional supplements are those expectation that many potential readers will find the for which the Flynn Effects have been the greatest (e.g. arithmetic, similarities and block design) (Botez, Botez, & Maag, 1984)."Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-33988521233860240502007-09-08T04:37:00.000-07:002007-09-08T04:37:00.000-07:00"I'd like to see some data on the national IQs wit..."I'd like to see some data on the national IQs with horror show numbers like Ethiopia"<BR/><BR/>I've travelled through that country on a motorbike. Even in South Africa I have not seen such agriculturally suitable land. I reckon that a handfull of Boers (Afrikaner farmers) will be able to feed the entire population of Ethiopia all year round. <BR/><BR/>Ethiopians really seem incapable of tilling the wonderful land they live on.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-66949006762072883342007-09-07T20:35:00.000-07:002007-09-07T20:35:00.000-07:00I'm an intelligent young philosopher with much to ...I'm an intelligent young philosopher with much to say. YOu seek answers and so do I. I have beliefs and so do you. This is my very second time trying to post on your site today. I see that it has to be approved by the blog author.I have many intelligent things to inform you of and I want to do it through blogging to benifit everyone. My fear is that my intelligentce, wisdom and knowledge will not be shown because you may disaprove.Rmemeber your a thinker and want truth.Will you withhold what I have to say because you don't like it because I oppose your theories? Your theory makes me sick,indeed, I can rip it off it's hindges about blacks being inferior to whites. I know far to many blacks with very high IQ's including myslf. Some like school, many care as much as the average student ,some don't care . Just like people of every race.Let me know that I am open to freely write my views with respect and I will enlighten you and your followers. Post this and don't let this be your last time posting me. Argue with me with respect and I'll take you and society far. God bless all mankind ,for we are liviing souls that were all made equal. Wisdom of rightouesness is the only thing that seperates us individualy which cannot be put on a broad scale and niether can intelligence. God bless and I'll pray that you'll post this blog of mine along with the one I sent earlir.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-33647555336645724022007-09-07T18:16:00.000-07:002007-09-07T18:16:00.000-07:00I've heard so many ignorant arguments from this Sa...I've heard so many ignorant arguments from this Sailer guy suggesting that blacks IQ's are inferior. What a fallacy. I'm a black young intelligent person and althouh I'm a teen I can asure you that I'm more intelligent than Sailer will ever be. I have more wisdom than he'll ever have, but maybe a little less knowledge due to my youth. Please people, do not fall into ignorance by listening to ignorant educated people. God bless ." God, bless the world,ignorance blossoming, how about your book of wisdom to unfold, new and old lies growing in minds.... this is something more than intelligence, that your now being told<BR/>God Bless once againAnonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-18047862535785481792007-09-07T14:54:00.000-07:002007-09-07T14:54:00.000-07:00Truth be told, this Flynn effect is rather unsatis...Truth be told, this Flynn effect is rather unsatisfactory, and in defence of our ancestors, it has some usually faithful IQ defenders sounding curiously like liberal sceptics.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-84054990520910349602007-09-07T06:49:00.000-07:002007-09-07T06:49:00.000-07:00The widespread DIY culture of the America of yeste...The widespread DIY culture of the America of yesteryear was less a sign of native intelligence than of a general relative lack of wealth. Cf. Red Cuba.<BR/><BR/>I'm thinking of the TV repair shops that used to proliferate here, as well as the sewing machine repair shops. That ultra precious miracle metal - TIN - constituted the basis of the "fix-it" "culture": the tin can, that versatile friend.<BR/><BR/>Other such friends were bondo and chewing gum. Or as our soon-to-be-compatriots and well-known mechanical geniuses the Latinos call it - how you say? - <I>chicklets</I>.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-35135574368469007652007-09-07T00:54:00.000-07:002007-09-07T00:54:00.000-07:00"While it's true that the home improvement DIY ind..."While it's true that the home improvement DIY industry has grown massively during the digital age, most of the demand is from homeowners born before 1965, i.e. pre-dig types. In cuba, which has none of the anti-resourcefulness factors going, everyone knows any neighborhood can fix any broken 50s era auto, often with improvised parts. "<BR/><BR/>You've hit on a train of thought that counters the stark conclusions intelligence researchers all tend to draw from their empirical (s/b value neutral) evidence. This I why I get so frustrated with the rat race mentality of people who can see nothing else than a Darwinian disaster in the making for those who don't have a small set of skills that will get them the jobs of the future. If these thinkers were the least bit creative or insightful they might see that the opposite outcome could be equally possible. A disaster that crashed our infrastructure would make programming skills obsolete. Can these skilled highly linear thinkers create an economy in the face of chaos or even fix their own cars when they can't afford a mechanic? <BR/><BR/>The more specialized we get as producers, the more vulnerable we are to a natural or manmade disaster in some country halfway around the world that we've become dependent on to grow our food for instance. A Chernobyl in China or Mexico would contaminate the food supply. At this point, we can still revert but if the globalists have their way, not too many generations in the future there might be social unrest and starvation as we try to remember how we used to go about growing and distributing our own food. <BR/><BR/>On a more individual level, we are more than our professions. Some of those who theorize about the value of IQ only think of people in terms of the kinds of jobs they can get and place them in a hierarchy based on how much money these skills command hence the rat race. You must give your child the best quality education possible focusing on the "right" skills ie math and science. Then you must be able to afford 4 years at an Ivy League college so that jr can command the best salary as a computer programmer, researcher, etc where jr will work 60 - 80 hrs a week, get married at age 28, have 2.5 children with his similarly skilled wife. They in turn will provide their offspring with the best education possible leading to acceptance to an Ivy League school, etc, etc, etc. <BR/><BR/>Any other life plan or outcome is a sign of inferiority. You and your offspring are in danger of marginalization and will eventually die as a victim of gang violence in the crime/minority infested neighborhood that's the only place they can afford to live. Adapt and be miserable or die! Those are the only two choices.<BR/><BR/>The example about the latinos/cubans retrofitting old cars is a good reminder that skills that are currently considered obsolete won't necessarily always be so. Working as mechanics and construction workers has allowed hispanics to survive very well in a technology oriented economy. These jobs will always exist to a certain extent so it was a bit foolish for educators and pundits to relegate them to losers, ragamuffins, and foreigners. <BR/><BR/>As a result of these old white men pondering a desperate future for the unmathematical, I've decided to escape civilization by moving to the country and learning to grow my own food, can, make my own clothes. I also started looking for my copy of Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance (still haven't found the darn thing must have ended up at a garage sale). Anyone know where to find a cheap set of the Foxfire series? Please help. There must be some other way than the twin evils of striving to be one of the technorati or succumbing to despair. Or is it that these guys are a bunch of ignoramoses with PhDs who have nothing better to do than make the rest us miserable with dire predictions? <BR/><BR/>I have a feeling this push towards educating students to excel at the latest technology at the expense of all other abilities has contributed as much to our malaise as a society as the emphasis on experimenting with drugs, sex and violence in popular culture. Kids learn early whether they have the aptitudes for the careers that "really " matter. For many reasons, they're also not taught to do things for themselves that pre-1965 generations did - home repair, car maintenance, for girls sewing, growing food often even cooking goes by the wayside. Then they are left totally at the mercy of the kind of salary they can command as adults. I'm not saying such skills can save a person from economic disaster but they can certainly help when money is scarce and could even make a person employable if illegal immigrants hadn't been allowed exclusive rights to such jobs. <BR/><BR/>I could continue in this vein but I won't. Suffice it to say that I don't think someone's quality of life s/b solely determined by their ability to compete for a certain type of job. It's gotten to the point that being hardworking and resourceful are just considered traits that make a person uniquely qualified to be a low wage worker, sort of like a faithful, obedient pet who can be depended upon to get your paper from the end of the drive, rain or shine. It doesn't have to be this way. And these dire predictions that I hope aren't part of Flynn's work lead me to conclude that genius is much more than an intelligence quotient.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-72051842546170574752007-09-06T15:46:00.000-07:002007-09-06T15:46:00.000-07:00An additional factor under the "ersatz quality of ...An additional factor under the "ersatz quality of life in the digital age" heading is a reduction in practical, hands-on resourcefulness of the 50s-era variety, a product of: increasing commercial service options, increasing product sophistication making D-I-Y less practical, increasing wealth making product preservation less economic, increasing hours worked (post-1980) leaving less time for D-I-Y, and a reflexive factor in which reduced general resourcefulness of consumers from all factors is catered to by business (more disposable options, more service options), resulting in less resourcefulness in a cycle. While it's true that the home improvement DIY industry has grown massively during the digital age, most of the demand is from homeowners born before 1965, i.e. pre-dig types. In cuba, which has none of the anti-resourcefulness factors going, everyone knows any neighborhood can fix any broken 50s era auto, often with improvised parts. In the states, too, you occasionally see a group of young male latinos puzzling out a fix under a car hood, so the change may not cut across all groups equally.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-2405400260148838272007-09-06T13:29:00.000-07:002007-09-06T13:29:00.000-07:00anonymous 9/5 349am:It seems to me that a fair num...anonymous 9/5 349am:<BR/><BR/>It seems to me that a fair number of successful software developers have done something at least somewhat similar to building the first workable airplane. <BR/><BR/>IMO, speed of innovation has a lot to do with how many people are able to take part in the field. Software development is something that doesn't require degrees, certification, or permission from a gatekeeper, and so it becomes possible for great innovation to take place. One thing I worry about with our creeping credentialism as a culture is that we're adding more and more barriers to people contributing innovation where they can. The extreme end of this is stuff where you need a security clearance to even learn about the field, and then you can only talk to a small set of authorized people about it.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-37459178180810017452007-09-06T03:12:00.000-07:002007-09-06T03:12:00.000-07:00Methink "Farewell to Alms" thesis - rich are bett...Methink "Farewell to Alms" <A HREF="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/main.jhtml?xml=/earth/2007/09/04/scposh104.xml" REL="nofollow"><BR/>thesis</A> - rich are better at procreating, is as good as the "better nutrition" in explaining Flynn.aihttps://www.blogger.com/profile/08454345391498093719noreply@blogger.com