tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post6890004089976720694..comments2024-03-28T16:22:14.888-07:00Comments on Steve Sailer: iSteve: A. Who won the Big One?Unknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger44125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-63985737936780300512012-07-13T15:15:05.054-07:002012-07-13T15:15:05.054-07:00... Why are German colleges now so weak? They have...<i>... Why are German colleges now so weak? They have yet to recover from expelling their Jews in 1933,</i><br /><br />Yes.<br /><br /><i>and from the post-WWII emasculation of their traditional elitism in the name of egalitarianism. Entrance standards and tuition are kept low,</i><br /><br />No tuition, just administrative fees. Tuition is unconstitutional.<br /><br /><i><br />Universities are, deep down, rightist institutions: elitist and conservative. Because the Continentals lost in the name of Fascism, there wasn't much resistance to the old-fashioned Marxist Left proletarianizing the grand old universities on the Continent in the post-War era.</i><br /><br />This is wrong for Germany because you did not look at droup out rates (voluntary and non-voluntary). It is quite normal if 30% of the students don't pass a test. Also German universities use the whole grade scale (-> Grade inflation). German Profs are highly conservative.<br /><br />The research budget is simply too small. Germany: 18 billion €. DoD: 35 billion € (http://comptroller.defense.gov/defbudget/fy2013/fy2013_r1.pdf, page 7)Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-36152892073515693352012-07-12T10:29:47.748-07:002012-07-12T10:29:47.748-07:00Simon in london;"I get the impression that US...Simon in london;"I get the impression that US postgrad students (Law, Medicine) work pretty hard, but most undergrads seem to do very little."<br /><br />Well, this does seem to match my experience. I had a lot of free time during my undergrad years at Berkeley, but graduate school is something else! I'm lucky to have the time to wash clothes and cook food.<br /><br />SyonAnonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-85624210155230591902012-07-12T09:49:43.468-07:002012-07-12T09:49:43.468-07:00"What metric? By GDP(PPP) per capita, the US ...<b>"What metric? By GDP(PPP) per capita, the US is ahead, except for Norway, but that's due to a disproportionate share of north sea oil money."</b><br /><br />Well if you're excusing Norway's performance because of its natural resources, then you have to do the same for the U.S. The U.S. generates far more economic activity from natural resources, per capita, than just about any European country. Just think of Alaska, Wyoming, North Dakota, Texas. Then there's agriculture, fisheries, etc.<br /><br />If you shrank the U.S. to where it had the same population density as Germany or France we'd be a middling performer, economically. Or, you could import tens of millions of Latin-American peasants and eventually end up with a similar result.Matthewnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-80779667250945681122012-07-12T09:40:35.174-07:002012-07-12T09:40:35.174-07:00"Apparently Harvard faculty wanted to use the...<b>"Apparently Harvard faculty wanted to use the ENS model (testing) but the board of trustees demurred in deference to alumni/donors who didn't want their children competing with poor immigrants (i.e. Jews)."</b><br /><br />So the people who paid for and built the school wanted their children to attend rather than someone else's children. How silly and racist of them...Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-60821432777939535012012-07-12T08:26:21.690-07:002012-07-12T08:26:21.690-07:00Well, good field that Germans still do good in is ...Well, good field that Germans still do good in is Classics a field where its hard to find employment unless you want to teach high schoolers Latin and Greek.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-27803672993954043832012-07-11T18:40:09.953-07:002012-07-11T18:40:09.953-07:00"Does anyone reading this think that destroyi..."Does anyone reading this think that destroying Harvard Law or Colombia Journalism would be anything but a blessing for this nation?"<br /><br />- Columbia journo going away- blessing, Harvard, not so much...<br />"Eight U.S. presidents have been graduates, and 75 Nobel Laureates have been student, faculty, or staff affiliates. Harvard is also the alma mater of sixty-two living billionaires, the most in the country."- Wikipedia<br /><br />Get rid of the pure nonsense areas- journo, Xstudies, etc, keep the productive areas (even if they are a bit tedious)...Edwannoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-70922361483229121962012-07-11T13:40:21.767-07:002012-07-11T13:40:21.767-07:00anon:
"The quality of education, especially u...anon:<br />"The quality of education, especially undergraduate education, has almost nothing to do with university rankings. It is only anecdotal, but I was an undergraduate student at a large Northern European university a few years ago. We had some exchange students from Ivy League US universities (much more highly ranked than ours), and they really struggled to keep up. I also knew exchange students who went to the US, and almost all of them remarked on how easy the course work there was."<br /><br />The US student's 13 hour average work week (see eg http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2138176/Typical-U-S-college-student-spends-40-hours-week-socializing-just-13-hours-studying.html, but I first read it in Chronicle) seems very low by European standards, and our students are not exactly over-worked. <br /><br />I get the impression that US postgrad students (Law, Medicine) work pretty hard, but most undergrads seem to do very little.Simon in Londonnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-8017285172975012982012-07-10T22:26:02.477-07:002012-07-10T22:26:02.477-07:00"What really matters for rankings is publishi..."What really matters for rankings is publishing in English-language academic journals."<br /><br />And why does that really matter? See title of blog post: "Who won the Big One?"Steve Sailerhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/11920109042402850214noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-91910463944565252312012-07-10T21:51:11.571-07:002012-07-10T21:51:11.571-07:00This is wrong on several levels.
The quality of e...This is wrong on several levels.<br /><br />The quality of education, especially undergraduate education, has almost nothing to do with university rankings. It is only anecdotal, but I was an undergraduate student at a large Northern European university a few years ago. We had some exchange students from Ivy League US universities (much more highly ranked than ours), and they really struggled to keep up. I also knew exchange students who went to the US, and almost all of them remarked on how easy the course work there was.<br /><br />What really matters for rankings is publishing in English-language academic journals. As someone else noted, having English as a native language helps with that. Moreover, at least in German-speaking Europe, the whole idea of publishing in journals as the foundation of doctoral studies is new. As recently as the turn of the century, doctoral students would essentially write a book (in German), which contributes absolutely nothing to rankings. Then they'd write another book to become a professor. The switch to publishing in journals has happened, but it's a new thing, like the focus on rankings, and it will take time to catch up with universities that have been doing these things for decades.<br /><br />Top US universities do tend to be better for post-graduate studies. This is partly related to money, and the tradition of alumni support. First, research is expensive. Second, for post-graduate studies, it's crucial to attract academics who publish well, and richer universities have an easier time of doing this, since they can pay more. When you then have concentrations of people who publish well, it becomes easier to attract more top people, etc. Modern PhD programmes in the US are also more developed. The tradition in Europe has been 3-year doctoral programmes, compared with 5-year PhDs in the US. With the switch to 2-year masters degrees (from the old 5-year degrees, which were equivalent to a bachelor plus masters degree), there is a move to create essentially 5-year programmes that combine a two-year research masters programme with a 3-year doctoral programme. However, this is all new, and a result of recent academic standardisation across Europe. It will take time to bear fruit, but it will happen. That, plus academic mobility, was the whole point of the Bologna Process.<br /><br />Ironically, US and UK academics I've met are almost always more left-wing and much more politically correct than the Continental European academics I know, although it does very by country. Maybe this is a reflection of my particular experiences, but the idea that European universities are ruled by raving left-wing lunatics and US universities by conservatives is, in my experience, the complete opposite of reality. It is the professors who did post-graduate studies in the US who tend to be most vociferous in promoting things like political correctness.<br /><br />The one thing that I think is right is that universities with open admissions suffer compared with those that are allowed to be selective. However, it is absolutely not the case that European universities are, in general, open. Most Northern European universities at least are selective on the basis of academic performance, and that is how it should be. Tuition fees have absolutely no place in proper academic selection (only people with silly beliefs in Social Darwinism would think otherwise). Financial selection as in the US does help to make universities richer, which helps to fund research, but the same thing could be accomplished in Europe with higher public spending on the universities. This would avoid the problem of having to admit low-quality students who happen to have rich parents, in order to keep funding cycle going.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-27554649897083662362012-07-10T18:56:36.656-07:002012-07-10T18:56:36.656-07:00Anonymous:"The reason Gottingen, Sorbonne, Pa...Anonymous:"The reason Gottingen, Sorbonne, Padua, Salamanca etc. are less prestigious is not because they are less conservative than HYP but because they are more conservative. They are the followers of the crazy academic trends created at HYP."<br /><br />That seems a bit off, considering that the isms that have infected the American academy for the last 50 years are mostly continental in origin: Lacan, Derrida, Foucault, Althusser, Levi-Strauss, etc. HYP, like good colonials, have simply been been following their French masters..<br /><br />SyonAnonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-18801380381320197532012-07-10T18:19:14.213-07:002012-07-10T18:19:14.213-07:00Anonymous:"Spain Golden Age that started in 1...Anonymous:"Spain Golden Age that started in 1500 after the exodus of a certain group of people big on rent seeking and financial trading but not building ... hmmm … better not go there…)."<br /><br />You might also want to factor in a little something called the Conquest of the New World....<br /><br />SyonAnonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-67569920142810309602012-07-10T18:16:40.341-07:002012-07-10T18:16:40.341-07:00Anonymous:"Airbus came out of nowhere to chal...Anonymous:"Airbus came out of nowhere to challenge Boeing."<br /><br />AIRBUS hardly came out of nowhere:<br /><br />Airbus Industrie was formally established as a Groupement d'Interet Économique (Economic Interest Group or GIE) on 18 December 1970.[14] It had been formed by a government initiative between France, Germany and the UK that originated in 1967. The name "Airbus" was taken from a non-proprietary term used by the airline industry in the 1960s to refer to a commercial aircraft of a certain size and range, for this term was acceptable to the French linguistically. Aérospatiale and Deutsche Airbus each took a 36.5% share of production work, Hawker Siddeley 20% and Fokker-VFW 7%.[11] Each company would deliver its sections as fully equipped, ready-to-fly items. In October 1971 the Spanish company CASA acquired a 4.2% share of Airbus Industrie, with Aérospatiale and Deutsche Airbus reducing their stakes to 47.9%.[11] In January 1979 British Aerospace, which had absorbed Hawker Siddeley in 1977, acquired a 20% share of Airbus Industrie.[16] The majority shareholders reduced their shares to 37.9%, while CASA retained its 4.2%.[17]<br /><br />SyonAnonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-14252087273919947912012-07-10T17:43:35.583-07:002012-07-10T17:43:35.583-07:00Tokyo University, Japan's best, is mostly famo...<i>Tokyo University, Japan's best, is mostly famous for its grueling entrance exams. And not much else. On Japanese television dramas, you know a character is super-smart when someone says, "He attended Harvard."<br /><br />But Japan's vast corporate and political bureaucracies don't care. They use the university matriculation system as a ruthlessly efficient sorting mechanism, fitting anybody who wants to be anybody onto a neat Gaussian curve.</i><br /><br />"Young and Global Need Not Apply in Japan"<br /><br />https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/30/business/global/as-global-rivals-gain-ground-corporate-japan-clings-to-cautious-ways.html?pagewanted=all<br /><br />"Notoriously insular, corporate Japan has long been wary of embracing Western-educated compatriots who return home."<br /><br />"Japanese students who study overseas often find that by the time they enter the job hunt back home, they are far behind compatriots who have already contacted as many as 100 companies and received help from extensive alumni networks. And those who spend too long overseas find they are shut out by rigid age preferences for graduates no older than their mid-20s.<br /><br />In a survey of 1,000 Japanese companies taken last June on their recruitment plans for the March 2012 fiscal year by the Tokyo-based recruitment company Disco, fewer than a quarter said they planned to hire Japanese applicants who had studied abroad. Even among top companies with more than a thousand employees, less than 40 percent said they wanted to hire Japanese with overseas education.<br /><br />That attitude might help explain why, even as the number of Japanese enrolled in college has held steady at around three million in recent years, the number studying abroad has declined from a peak of nearly 83,000 in 2004 to fewer than 60,000 in 2009 — the most recent year for which the figures are available from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.<br /><br />In some ways, the Japanese snubbing of Western graduates is a testament to the perceived strength of their own universities, seen by many here as more prestigious than even the best American and European schools — despite mediocre showings in various global college rankings."Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-44072569903068780452012-07-10T16:53:34.597-07:002012-07-10T16:53:34.597-07:00Maybe we ought to open our leading universities up...Maybe we ought to open our leading universities up in the same with the goal of knocking them down several pegs. The nation would be far better off - whatever advances in science that come from these unis doesn't offset their devastating cultural destructiveness, not by a million miles. Here's a reform idea for you, let's force these universities, starting with the ivies, to take in all non-science students who can afford the fee simply in the order they show up or mail in. We can use the same legal theories that force hotels and restaurants to take clients they may not want. Does anyone reading this think that destroying Harvard Law or Colombia Journalism would be anything but a blessing for this nation?Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-24963472241172207932012-07-10T15:25:33.748-07:002012-07-10T15:25:33.748-07:00Volksverhetzer: I think it is consistent with your...Volksverhetzer: I think it is consistent with your impression that German institutions were originally more in the spirit of certificate-issuing authorities than Harry Potter/Eton Wall Game country clubs; this dates back to pre-Bismarck when there was no prestigious national campus, and mutually acceptable degrees were essential to commerce.<br /><br />So even though they overlap in structure with other medieval universities & guilds the German ones were oriented toward sorting, sieving the input. However with a the strong overall academic culture (pro-intellectual, anti-professional) some input & output around late 19th Century could be quite good.Alcalde Jaime Miguel Curleohttps://www.blogger.com/profile/11801154986193443160noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-7122394314498845712012-07-10T15:09:58.288-07:002012-07-10T15:09:58.288-07:00Steve: you might enjoy the statistics featured in ...Steve: you might enjoy the statistics featured in <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/15/magazine/bronx-economy.html" rel="nofollow">this new NYT Mag article</a>--about how the Bronx is dreadfully lagging the other boroughs (even Staten Island) in crucial SWPL metrics. I was suddenly reminded that CCNY is only a little over a mile away from the Columbia U campus--unfortunately it's 1 mile in the wrong direction...Alcove 1noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-27228993174207536322012-07-10T09:38:38.699-07:002012-07-10T09:38:38.699-07:00Yes, it's funny how so many lefty professors a...<i>Yes, it's funny how so many lefty professors at elitist universities couldn't give a fig about 'equality' and 'social justice' when it comes to admission grades - they make Donald Trump look distinctly egalitarian.</i><br />or their salaries, and the below min. wage they 'pay' their graduate assistants.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-54833370136625346482012-07-10T09:26:43.519-07:002012-07-10T09:26:43.519-07:00Germany's decline in universities really began...Germany's decline in universities really began with losing WWI. The German military was already preparing to pour massive money into them once the war was over, which everyone assumed they would win. Once they lost however, and once Clemenceau imposed his " Carthaginian Peace " the money obviously was no longer there. The Rockefeller Foundation stepped in and funded a lot a math and science programs for a while in both Germany and France. However after a few years, they decided to stop funding math and science abroad and started giving their money to American universities. <br /><br />They were followed by Bamberger, Eastman, Guggenheim, and Hearst family fortunes doing likewise but on a less grandiose scale. These big donations lead to certain universities getting the best talent, which lead to them being preeminent during the war which was then reinforced by Pentagon spending during the Cold War.<br />The Bamberger family financed the Institute for Advanced Study right outside of Princeton. George Eastman turned MIT into a science powerhouse to go with it's engineering prowess, and turned the U of Rochester into a smaller version of MIT. The Guggenheim family funded what became the Jet Propulsion Lab at Caltech, and the Hearst family sought to turn Berkeley into a West Coast version of Harvard or MIT. The Rockefeller family funded all the Ivy Leagues, plus MIT, Stanford, and the University of Chicago.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-80863969979243973312012-07-10T08:52:13.731-07:002012-07-10T08:52:13.731-07:00Simon, can you name a Canadian university other th...Simon, can you name a Canadian university other than McGill, which is in Quebec and therefore not really in Canada?Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-61762645921354050602012-07-10T08:14:36.315-07:002012-07-10T08:14:36.315-07:00Universities are, deep down, rightist institutions...<b>Universities are, deep down, rightist institutions: elitist and conservative. </b><br /><br />The idea that the American Ivies are "conservative" is hilariously stupid.<br /><br />They are the ENGINES OF LEFTISM.<br /><br />The reason Gottingen, Sorbonne, Padua, Salamanca etc. are less prestigious is not because they are <b>less</b> conservative than HYP but because they are <b>more</b> conservative. They are the <b>followers</b> of the crazy academic trends created at HYP.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-78269135773656245532012-07-10T08:14:22.568-07:002012-07-10T08:14:22.568-07:00Tokyo University, Japan's best, is mostly famo...Tokyo University, Japan's best, is mostly famous for its grueling entrance exams. And not much else. On Japanese television dramas, you know a character is super-smart when someone says, "He attended Harvard."<br /><br />But Japan's vast corporate and political bureaucracies don't care. They use the university matriculation system as a ruthlessly efficient sorting mechanism, fitting anybody who wants to be anybody onto a neat Gaussian curve.Eugenehttps://www.blogger.com/profile/03182644885948983861noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-44376597760060696752012-07-10T07:55:52.709-07:002012-07-10T07:55:52.709-07:00dearieme:"You shouldn't overlook the fact...dearieme:"You shouldn't overlook the fact that if you study or work at Oxford etc, you do so in the lingua franca of the day. Being Heidelberg etc is rather like a University in the Middle Ages not teaching in Latin."<br /><br />Good point. I've read studies that show the overwhelming importance of publishing in English to one's academic career.<br /><br />SyonAnonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-62001797644401526322012-07-10T07:50:08.231-07:002012-07-10T07:50:08.231-07:00One of the areas where Europeans felt morally infe...One of the areas where Europeans felt morally inferior to Americans pertained to 'social equality'. Americans were more equal than the Europeans. So, paradoxically, the ONLY way Europeans could prove that they were better than Americans was to push for even greater equality. Once that was achieved, they could turn the tables and accuse Americans of hypocrisy and inequality. And indeed, Europeans just love to point out how morally superior they are because their economies are more socialist and provide more generous benefits. Another vulnerable spot for Americans was racial discrimination. In the past, Americans used to lecture bad imperialist Europeans about how all cultures and peoples should be respected and treated the same. Wilson admonished the Europeans about it, and FDR and Truman--and then Eisenhower--actively pushed policies that dismantled European imperialism. So, Europeans were on the moral defensive. But once Europe lost all its empires, it finally turned the table on America. Europeans said Americans opposed European imperialism not because Americans were anti-imperialist but because they wanted to steal the empires for themselves. Thus, Pax Americana was really just a form of neo-imperialism. And who were Americans to preach to Europeans about equality when blacks in America faced all manner of social justice? And so Europeans decided to out-American the Americans by allowing massive immigration in the name of diversity and equality. They would show the Americans how social justice should really be done. And Europeans gave, on a per capita basis, more aid to Africa to prove that they CARE MORE than Americans do.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-13149231054968897342012-07-10T07:49:48.374-07:002012-07-10T07:49:48.374-07:00Another reason could be the Marxization of aristoc...Another reason could be the Marxization of aristocratism. Though we tend to think of bourgeois/aristocrats working together to keep down the masses--and though there was a good deal of that--, it's also true that the aristocratic class felt great resentment for having been usurped by the bourgeoisie, not least because upstart Jews were so prominent among the new elite class. Since aristocratism was a spent political/social force after WWI, the only way the aristocratic mind-set could regain authority was in the form of Marxism. Aristocratism and Marxism had one thing in common: the notion that society should be ruled by philosopher-kings whose sense of worth is not determined by the markets and material 'greed'. So, there may have been a merging of the elitist mind-set and the egalitarian principle. Intellectuals, even radical ones, have the philosopher-king mind-set. They want more power, respect, and authority, but often find themselves having less power than the 'greedy' and 'vulgar' business class. Also, they fear that the masses will be turned into consumer drones by modern capitalism. And so, radical elite intellectuals wanna win control over young people through ideological and cultural hegemony. And it just so happened that many European intellectuals were suspicious and even hostile against American and Americanized British culture(Beatles and Stones). Initially, guys like Jean-Luc Godard embraced American culture as a form of rebellion against conservative French culture. But as time passed, they feared that American consumer culture was the new imperialist force in the world(and American brand was made worse by the Vietnam War). Thus, continental European leftism became as much anti-American as anti-fascist--indeed, Americanism became the new 'fascism'. During WWII, Americans had saved Europe from fascism, and in a way, Europeans were grateful. But they were also simmering with resentment since it was embarrassing that such great old civilizations had to rely on gum-chewing coca-cola guzzling Americans to save the day. Europeans knew they had to be appreciative of America but were also looking for some moral excuse to rise up against Americanism. And it all came to the fore with America's involvement in Vietnam that made Americans the new Nazis. And American 'imperialism' in SE Asia was conflated with American 'cultural imperialism' all across Europe.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9430835.post-67740517572597106782012-07-10T07:49:11.061-07:002012-07-10T07:49:11.061-07:00Interestingly enough, much of the rebellious ideol...Interestingly enough, much of the rebellious ideology among American youths in the 1960s originated from Jewish-European emigres such as Herbert Marcuse. And yet, American Jewish intellectuals also defended elite institutions of higher education(as maybe bastions of rising Jewish power). Maybe all those Jews who saw what happened to the City Colleges of NY didn't want it to happen to higher colleges that they wanted to enter; Jews wanted to topple the Wasps and control the top institutions, not be toppled by the mob themselves. Jewish mind has long been dualistic: pushing radical ideology in the name of the people AND fearing the masses with pitchforks. <br />(Does Europe have something comparable to city or community colleges? Maybe the absence of such led to elite colleges having to open up to the masses. In America, even if you don't go to a top college, you can go to a city college). Anyway, there could have been less resentment against elite colleges in the US cuz there's less snobbery associated with higher education. Though Harvard grads may be proud, they aren't seen as anything special. But in Continental Europe, someone who graduated from a top college might have been a greater object of hostility in the new order, and so maybe it led to more rebellion. <br /><br />Another reason could be the technological/scientific basis of American education. When it comes to stuff like physics, chemistry, math, and engineering, only experts will do. But in Europe, colleges tended to stress stuff like philosophy, humanities, and the like--and they were all tied to ideology one way or another. With the politicization of culture, it was easier for cultural institutions to fall to egalitarianism than it was for technological institutions. Even in the US, the leftist ideologues have made the greatest inroads into stuff like English department, art department, anthropology, and etc. to the point where they are nearly worthless. If American education retains its edge, it's in technical fields. Since continental universities were more humanities-oriented, they were bound to be more affected by philosophical ideas prevalent after WWII. This is another paradox. European universities looked down on the use of colleges for vocational training(engineering, business schools, etc)--the dominant mode in post-war US--as vulgar and populist , and instead emphasized the sort of learning--philosophy, arts, literature, etc--that elevated minds-and-souls, but it just so happened that such fields had been taken over by leftists who thought EVERYTHING IS POLITICAL. There is no leftist way to teach engineering, but there is a leftist way to interpret literature, arts, and culture. So, the curriculum that had originally been designed to create superior gentlemen ended up spreading the cult of the radical.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.com