September 28, 2013

Gladwell on Gladwell

From The Telegraph, an interview in which Malcolm Gladwell (promoting his new book) says some reasonable things about himself.
Malcolm Gladwell interview 
Conventional wisdom says Malcolm Gladwell is a zany brainbox whose books challenge our assumptions and revolutionise our lives. But, asks Gaby Wood, is that another misconception? 
By Gaby Wood12:00PM BST 28 Sep 2013 
Malcolm Gladwell says he never knows what people will take from his books. 
“It’s never what I think it’s going to be,” he shrugs. “Parts that you think are going to make this big impact are ignored, and parts that you wrote in a day are like the 10,000 hours stuff – I thought no one would ever mention that again. And it is, in fact, all people talk about. Who knew?” 
... And most of the time he synthesises zanily sourced evidence with such alchemy that you can’t work out if it was obvious all along, or if it only seems obvious now that it has passed through Gladwell’s hands. That is his trick. He’d say he is just telling stories, which makes him a Scheherazade for our time, stringing out tales about the power within us, talking to keep us going and make us think. 
His new book, David and Goliath: Underdogs, Misfits and the Art of Battling Giants, is his most accessible.

Hopefully, he's lost from his new David and Goliath book his original 2009 "How David Beats Goliath" New Yorker article, which spectacularly highlighted his worst trait: his inability to do reality checks on ideas that strike his fancy. In it, he argued that undertalented basketball teams should run the full court press against their Goliath rivals: Flummox the big boys by changing all the rules!

Except that the full court press notoriously is the overtalented overdog's weapon of choice: UCLA under John Wooden, Bill Russell's Celtics, Showtime Lakers (Kareem, Magic, Worthy, Nixon, and Cooper), and the 1996 Kentucky Wildcats (an example of an underdog, according to Malcolm, even though the five starters averaged over 10 years in the NBA each!).
Some would say it's too accessible ... 
In a footnote – many of Gladwell’s jokes are in the footnotes – he offers up a self-mocking anecdote in which his father accuses him of oversimplifying things. Well, since he’s brought it up, I ask. “I get that all the time,” Gladwell replies, undefensively. “But it’s this impossible thing: you have a continuum – at one end is academic writing, at the other end a book for a 10-year-old. You try to figure out where you want to be on the continuum. But you don’t always get it right.” 
The book takes some very well-known stories – the biblical tale of the title, the Blitz, the Impressionists, Northern Ireland, the Civil Rights movement, the French Resistance – and sets them up as fables that will be elucidated or expanded by stirring examples taken from the lives of unknown people. The gist is that those things we think of as disadvantages – the death of a parent, dyslexia, trauma – can be advantages in themselves. 
David looked to be small and unarmed but he was in fact a champion slinger. Goliath seemed the stronger party but his gigantism actually impaired his vision. It’s a rousing theory, an Asterix-like view of the world, full of insurgents and resisters, indomitable spirits prepared to do battle against the big guys. 
But it can also be infuriating, because nothing is proven. An alternative title for the book might have been “Six of One, Half a Dozen of the Other”. 
Statistics suggest that if you lose a parent you could be prime minister. Or you could end up in jail. What to do with that information? 
“It’s not supposed to be prescriptive,” Gladwell replies. “It’s just supposed to be a musing on the nature of advantage. And as I’ve written more books I’ve realised there are certain things that writers and critics prize, and readers don’t. So we’re obsessed with things like coherence, consistency, neatness of argument. Readers are indifferent to those things. My books have contradictions, all the time – and people are fine with that. 
“They understand that you can simultaneously hold two positions. Blink was the same way: we have this faculty – it’s good sometimes, it’s bad sometimes. That’s what the book was about.” He chuckles boyishly. “But it’s still really interesting! It’s just, I can’t resolve it – what am I, Sigmund Freud?”

Hegel's thesis, antithesis, synthesis is a helpful bumpersticker for how to thinker better. Examine the contradictions and look for an underlying pattern that will explain more of the outcomes than either theory alone. The full court press works in some circumstances,
... Education, and middle-class fretting over it, is one of Gladwell’s hobbyhorses. If you hit back with the observation that he himself has no children, he smiles and says that would only cloud his judgment. 
But the truth is, he doesn’t go all that far. There’s something troublingly palatable about the new book. In the endnotes to one of the chapters on education, for instance, Gladwell has much stronger views than he expresses in the text itself. “So what should we do? We should be firing bad teachers,” he suggests. But he has buried that stuff at the back. “Yeah. It’s true. That’s absolutely the case,” he admits when I put this to him. 
Far from being a purveyor of self-evidence, I suspect Gladwell is much more radical than he lets on. Why hide it? 
“The problem is, in America, there are all these landmines,” he says. “Like, I wanted to do a chapter on terrorism, and the question is, which example do I use? The example you cannot use is Israel – not because there aren’t a ton of fascinating lessons to be learnt in how Israel has navigated these issues in the course of its history. But it would have gotten politicised – no one would read your book anymore.” So he chose Northern Ireland, because it was “safer”, and because “the willingness to be self-critical in England is much greater than the willingness to be self-critical in America”. 
But if he has things to say about Israel, why doesn’t he want to say them? 
“I actually don’t even know if I do,” he says. “I just worried too much. I didn’t want the book to be put in a pigeonhole. And I don’t know if I’m smart enough.

Gladwell does not have a gigantic ego. He sees himself as a sort of super-publicist for all these brilliant but overlooked publicists and consultants. The problem with his ego is that he doesn't go the next step and hire a research assistant smarter than him who can figure out the landmines in the latest brilliant idea that some publicist has dropped on his desk. Compare Gladwell to David Brooks, who has employed assistants of the caliber of Reihan Salam and Cynthia Allen.
"What’s interesting with Israel is that in some contexts they’re always David, and in some contexts they have become Goliath. 
“Depending on your perspective. If I were to write another chapter to this book I’d love to write about that tension – because lots of people wear two hats. Companies do this all the time – they start out as Davids and become Goliaths.” 
Is it that he needs things to be nice – does he fear coming across as disagreeable? 
“Well, I’m not disagreeable. I’m so insanely agreeable on so many levels,” he replies, sounding, if anything, a little disappointed.

I think that's true. He has a positive upbeat staff guy personality -- I'm just throwing this idea out there, you executives who hired me to give this talk are the decisionmakers, not me -- that I can identify with.
“But it depends what you want. I want people to listen to what I have to say. I think you can challenge people’s core assumptions only so many times, and you can offend them only so many times, and you can threaten them only so many times. If you do it too often, they’ll throw the book aside. In this book I want people to understand – it’s a really corny lesson – that something good comes even out of the most horrible of things. Which I think is a profoundly comforting and meaningful message. That’s all. That’s what I want.” 
For the most part, Gladwell says, he doesn’t “personalise this stuff”. He’s quick to tell me that “there is not a shred of underdog in any aspect of my life”, though he didn’t grow up with a sense of entitlement. The son of a Jamaican psychotherapist and a mathematician from Sevenoaks, he was raised in rural Canada, in a town mostly populated by Mennonites and a family of evangelical Christians. 
In the course of writing this book he has “drifted back”, and become, as he puts it, “much more open and oriented towards faith than I was”. His race, he says, “hasn’t impacted negatively on my life, it’s just made my life more interesting. By virtue of my own background I’ve been put in the middle of that conversation – I wouldn’t have thought about West Indians or African Americans or slavery in the same way.” 
As for Englishness – well, I assume he doesn’t feel any particular affinity with his father’s country. 
“Actually, I do feel English,” he says. “I think my character is quite English – you know, emotionally withholding, unreasonably stoic, unnecessarily ascetic.” He smiles. “I could go on.” Gladwell lives alone on the top two floors of a west Village brownstone – not luxuriously, but not especially bohemian-ly either. In fact, when I arrive, some of his things are in boxes – he used to live just on one floor, and has only recently taken over the next. To journalists, Gladwell’s personal life has always been a bit of an enigma – but to others, apparently, not ostentatiously so. He has had many girlfriends, he is sociable but hard-working.

Right. He's not gay. My readers have run into him several times in restaurants with nice looking ladies across the table.
When I ask if any of his research has led him to live his own life differently, he replies that “the only book that sort of tripped me up was Blink, which made it impossible for me to make a decision. It was very sobering to know how insidious unconscious biases are – I just assumed that everything I was doing was hopelessly corrupted. And I changed the way I hired assistants after that book. I became convinced that I had to absent myself from the process: basically, my assistants hire their own replacements because I would bring too many biases to the table."

Uh-oh.
"I actually think most jobs should be like that – you should never meet people. You get swayed by their charm or how tall or well-dressed they are – all these things that are not relevant.” One of the ironies of Gladwell’s career – or perhaps it’s just a natural evolution – is that some of the academics whose ideas he set out to popularise have become accessible writers themselves. The rise of Daniel Kahneman, for example, whose book Thinking, Fast and Slow has become an international bestseller, suggests that Gladwell’s interpretations may no longer be necessary – in other words, that he may have made himself extinct. 
Gladwell counters that scientists who write accessibly are not a new breed – he cites Stephen Hawking and Richard Dawkins. “But if I were to be self-serving, I would like to take some small degree of credit for the success of Danny Kahneman’s book,” he adds. It sounds like the preamble to some arrogant swagger – but no. Just the opposite. 
“What I’ve always thought my books were doing was whetting people’s appetite for the real thing,” he explains. “The mistake is to think these books are ends in themselves. My books are gateway drugs – they lead you to the hard stuff.” 

25 comments:

  1. “The mistake is to think these books are ends in themselves. My books are gateway drugs – they lead you to the hard stuff.”


    Oh, how droll.

    Seriously, Slate should sponsor a debate between Steve and Malcolm Gladwell. The format would be a combination of readers questions and questions conceived by Slate's staff writers. The questions would center around two or three main themes at most.

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  2. I take it that David and Goliath is a metaphor for slightly built, Semitic, sheep-herding hill tribes fighting bigger ploughmen from the coastal plain, namely the Philistines. They spoke an Indo-European language.

    Since David won, you could argue that this means that anti-Nazi notions were foreshadowed in the Bible.

    There is a perpetual fascination in trying to learn whether there is any genuine history in the older parts of the Old Testament, or at least allusions to genuine history.

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  3. Isn't this a bit much about Malcolm Gladwell? Is this writer really that important?

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  4. I thought David and Goliath was an early version of Revenge of the Nerds.

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  5. the 80s showtime lakers playing full court press? when steve-o?

    and when did they play defense? they just outscored everybody by double digits.

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  6. I have read synopses of this fellow's major books. They are groundbreaking or outside the scope of ordinary ideas.

    In fact, one of my core beliefs is that no major publishing house has or ever would publish truly groundbreaking ideas. That is a central characteristic of the mainstream publishing industry and similar institutions. Any such groundbreaking ideas would be filtered out.

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  7. Right. He's not gay. My readers have run into him several times in restaurants with nice looking ladies across the table.

    Yes, if there's one thing we can take home from that it's that gay guys don't go out to dinner with their lady friends and that ladies hate going out with their gay male friends more than anything.

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  8. “The problem is, in America, there are all these landmines,” he says. “Like, I wanted to do a chapter on terrorism, and the question is, which example do I use? The example you cannot use is Israel – not because there aren’t a ton of fascinating lessons to be learnt in how Israel has navigated these issues in the course of its history. But it would have gotten politicised – no one would read your book anymore.” So he chose Northern Ireland, because it was “safer”, and because “the willingness to be self-critical in England is much greater than the willingness to be self-critical in America”.

    Is he nuts? You can make a very good living being critical of America in America. What you can't do in America is criticize Israel - at least not if you are a gentile.

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  9. In it, he argued that undertalented basketball teams should run the full court press against their Goliath rivals: Flummox the big boys by changing all the rules!

    Except that the full court press notoriously is the overtalented overdog's weapon of choice:


    Right. Anyone who has ever played organized basketball, or really just anyone who has played enough pickup ball, knows that running a full court press is just about the worst strategy imaginable for an undertalented team facing an overtalented one. It's a recipe for disaster - disaster in the form of easy fast break points for the overtalented team as they easily break the press. For an undertalented team, the full court press only works if it does because it's so rarely employed and catches the opposing team by surprise. An overtalented team will adjust immediately and render any consecutive uses ineffectual.

    The best defensive strategy team for an undertalented team is what coaches have been teaching youth basketball teams for decades: hustling back on D to prevent the overtalented team from getting easy fast break baskets, playing hard nosed, physical, team help defense, boxing out, etc. There's nothing fancy about it. It's just fundamental basketball.

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  10. Harry Baldwin9/28/13, 8:47 PM

    The story of David and Goliath is the story of a large man encumbered by heavy armor and depending on close-quarters weapons facing an opponent skillfully using a deadly long-range projectile weapon, for which he had five loads.

    Basically, Goliath brought a sword to a gunfight.

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  11. Harry Baldwin9/28/13, 8:57 PM

    . . . parts that you wrote in a day are like the 10,000 hours stuff – I thought no one would ever mention that again.

    Yes, Gladwell wishes people wouldn't keep bringing up that 10,000 hours stuff. It wasn't meant to be taken seriously. He just threw it in there.

    Blink was the same way: we have this faculty – it’s good sometimes, it’s bad sometimes. That’s what the book was about.

    Snap decisions--sometimes totally right, sometimes totally wrong. Who'd a thunk it? I stopped reading Blink halfway through when I realized this was the gist of it.

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  12. Steve, full court pressure is more college, high school, and on down. No coach in their right mind would A) full court press with Kareem in his late 30s, B) press in a league with such phenomenal guards on all teams, and C) 12 minute quarters. Showtime Lakers were more fast break. I think Pitino tried pressing with the Knicks and it didn't get him anywhere.

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  13. Steve wrote:
    Gladwell does not have a gigantic ego. He sees himself as a sort of super-publicist for all these brilliant but overlooked publicists and consultants.

    Douglas Rushkoff has made a similar observation on Gladwell:

    Malcolm is talented at what he does - don't get me wrong. But the reasons for his immense popularity, I feel, is that he is applying his insights to the market. The way to make money selling books is to write books that help people make money - or at least make them believe they will make money. Gladwell's books help marketers justify their techniques, and looking at people as unthinking, manipulable cogs. If you really believe that people make decisions in stupid ways, then there's no reason to feel bad about manipulating them to make those decisions in your business's favor.

    Rushkoff is really quite interesting in his own right. He ended up getting caught in that trap Gladwell avoided by using Northern Ireland, rather than Israel, as his case study on terrorism; the trap of mainstream Jewish-American prickliness I mean. Rushkoff wrote a book called Nothing Sacred: The Truth About Judaism and made a comment in a video interview that was picked up and used by David Duke and others. Rushkoff ended up getting a lot of grief for telling tales out of schul. Gladwell seems to be better at dancing farther away from the flames. That's one reason why Rushkoff and Sailer are far more interesting people to read than Gladwell.


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  14. I have read synopses of this fellow's major books. They are groundbreaking or outside the scope of ordinary ideas.

    In fact, one of my core beliefs is that no major publishing house has or ever would publish truly groundbreaking ideas.


    So how did he get published?

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  15. Ireland is way easier for Galdwell to examine because both parties, what ever their grievances, speak the same language(Gaelic being dead for sveral centuries) and at least share big chunks of Western culture and ideals.For the most art you're dealing with people who are mostly rational and relatable to Gladwell's readers. You can walk through Dublin or Belfast today(and back several decades) and not even know there ever were any such trouble at all. Religion is basically absent on both sides sapre a few old angry guys. Suspect there is more acrimony and violence in bars after Man U Premier League soccer matches than there ever will be again regarding loyalty to the Queen.

    Would note here more people were murdered on 9/11 than in all The Troubles for Bloody Sunday until the Stormont power sharing government came into being.

    Islamic terrorism share almost nothing with those whom it means to kill and destory. It's culture is alien to that of ity's opponents. Suspect Gladwell yook the easy way out looking at Ireland instead. He did so because he's PC and didn't want to deal with the Islamic backlash his conclusions negative to Islam would inevitably cause. In short he's a coward.

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  16. The take away here is what?

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  17. If every decision he makes is hopelessly corrupted, what makes him think that his research assistants will be any less corrupt? If he can't determine who will be a good assistant, why should he think that his assistants would be any better at the task?

    What a curious lack of self-awareness on his part.

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  18. The WSJ did an exceptionally fine job of summing up Gladwell's oeuvre to date:
    http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304713704579093090254007968.html

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  19. There's actually a pretty clear choice for talent-deficient basketball teams--and it ain't speeding the game up or challenging the more athletic, skilled players 1v1 over the length of the court.


    what you want to do (minus some bizarre comparative advantage that would kind of negate the premise of "less talented") is increase variance, right?

    ok, there are two ways to do that. first, slow the game down. and i mean that quantitatively since in basketball--unlike golf or tennis or baseball--you can partially control the number of possessions in a game. so if your team is worse you want fewer possessions to increase your odds of lucking out. I have literally no chance against Lebron James one-on-one but I might have a 20% chance if the contest is one unguarded 27' jump shot.


    the second way to increase variance is to build the game around three point shots. shooting long range jump shots is a somewhat isolated event in basketball that can reduce your opponents advantages and hide your weaknesses to an extent. we cant really take this to the extreme--lebron james could completely prevent me from making a jump shot--but we can say that in practice shooting is fairly independent; it's not as independent as free throw shooting but on any given night jj redick could be 11-14 or 3-15 against the exact same defense. Post defense against Kareem or a test of athleticism (speed and length, driving 1v1, etc.) against Jordan and Pippen is much less independent of defense and talent matchups.

    So we have the blueprint: slow the game down (this also helps negate any disadvantage in depth), hit your three point shots, and pack your defenders in to take away the drive from superior athletes and the easy dunks from superior post players. Make them take three point shots, too, since they wont be using their size or speed or ball-handling skill advantages when they're just shooting from distance.

    Pray the variance gods are in your favor and they miss more jump shots than you on that day; pass go; collect your trophy.


    oh, and three point shots also lead to longer (ie, more random) rebounds which also narrows the talent/size gap in that area.

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  20. Slate should sponsor a debate between Steve and Malcolm Gladwell
    do you notice the increasing trend of msm disabling or removing comment sections - Popular science just did away with it, nyt is phasing it out.

    Why give the megaphone to anyone who questions the narrative?

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  21. Steve, your commentary sounds positively bromantic.

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  22. Bias is bad? Not if empirical evidence reinforces it.

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  23. The David of the Bible was actually a ferocious warrior who obviously started young. Poor Goliath never knew what hit him.

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  24. "The take away here is what?"

    Gladwell is a dilettante and proud of it. We already knew the first part.

    Gilbert P.

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  25. http://www.miamiherald.com/2013/10/01/3663977/in-hollywood-fight-over-charter.html

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